IVDD in Dogs (Intervertebral Disc Disease)
Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is a painful spinal condition that occurs when the discs between your dog’s vertebrae (back bones) become damaged, bulge, or rupture. These discs normally act as cushions, absorbing shock and allowing smooth movement of the spine.
When a disc presses on the spinal cord, it can disrupt nerve signals between the brain and body, leading to pain, reduced mobility, and in severe cases, paralysis.
IVDD can develop suddenly (acute) or gradually over time (degenerative), depending on the type and severity.
Signs & Symptoms
Symptoms can vary widely depending on the location and severity of the disc injury.
Common signs include:
Back or neck pain
Reluctance to move, jump, or climb stairs
Limping or unsteady walking
Weakness in the limbs (often hind limbs)
Dragging paws or knuckling
Hunched posture or tense muscles
Loss of bladder or bowel control (in severe cases)
Partial or complete paralysis
Symptoms may appear suddenly or progress over time.
Causes & Risk Factors
IVDD is typically caused by degeneration of the spinal discs, which become less flexible and more prone to rupture.
Risk factors include:
Genetic predisposition (common in long-backed breeds)
Age-related degeneration
Repetitive strain or high-impact activity
Sudden trauma (e.g. jumping or slipping)
Some dogs may show no signs until a disc suddenly herniates.
How IVDD Affects Your Dog
When a damaged disc compresses the spinal cord, it interferes with normal nerve function.
This can lead to:
Pain and inflammation
Reduced coordination and balance
Muscle weakness or atrophy
Altered gait and movement patterns
Loss of mobility in severe cases
Because the spine is central to all movement and communication within the body, even mild compression can have significant effects.
How Physiotherapy Can Help
Physiotherapy is essential in both non-surgical and post-surgical cases.
Treatment focuses on:
Reducing pain and inflammation
Restoring mobility and joint range
Rebuilding strength and stability
Improving coordination and proprioception
Supporting safe return to movement
Each programme is tailored to your dog’s condition and stage of recovery.
Spinal Conditions
Spinal conditions refer to a range of disorders affecting the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, spinal cord, and surrounding soft tissues. These conditions can impact your dog’s ability to move, coordinate, and function comfortably.
The spine plays a critical role in both movement and nerve communication, meaning even minor issues can have widespread effects on the body.
Common Types of Spinal Conditions
Spinal conditions in dogs may include:
Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)
Degenerative disc disease
Spinal arthritis (spondylosis)
Soft tissue injuries (muscles and ligaments)
Trauma-related injuries
Neurological conditions affecting the spinal cord
These conditions may develop gradually or occur suddenly following injury.
Signs & Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the condition and severity, but may include:
Back or neck pain
Stiffness or reduced mobility
Reluctance to move or exercise
Weakness or instability in the limbs
Changes in posture or gait
Difficulty rising, jumping, or climbing stairs
Loss of coordination or balance
Neurological signs (e.g. dragging limbs, incontinence)
How Spinal Conditions Affect Your Dog
The spine houses the spinal cord, which carries signals between the brain and body. When affected, this can lead to:
Pain and inflammation
Disrupted nerve function
Muscle weakness or compensation patterns
Reduced mobility and function
Secondary strain on joints and muscles
These changes can significantly impact your dog’s quality of life if left untreated.
How Physiotherapy Can Help
Physiotherapy is a cornerstone of managing spinal conditions and focuses on:
Pain reduction
Improving mobility and flexibility
Strengthening supporting muscles
Restoring normal movement patterns
Enhancing balance and coordination
Rehabilitation is tailored to your dog’s individual needs and progression.
OPTIMA Animal Physio
Email: katrinka@optimaanimalphysio.com.au
Phone: 0422 764 680
Thanks to Scout and Jem, Carley Edwards and Lance, Chelsea Jeffries, Glen and Bling, Claudia @medianova, Tony Elsom Photography, Equico Studios, and Odele from Odd id.